Judith Viorst El Precio de La Vida Las Pérdidas Necesarias Para Vivir y Crecer – Ebook download as PDF File .pdf) or read book online. Descripción de. Get this from a library! El precio de la vida: las pérdidas necesarias para vivir y crecer. [Judith Viorst]. El Precio de la Vida by Judith Viorst, , available at Book Depository with free delivery worldwide.
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Enrique Arancibia Clavel was a member of Chile’s intel- ligence service .. See “ Constitucionalistas apoyan el fallo de la Cámara”,. December 22, (Publication Date: ) Cuarta compilación de fallos y resoluciones de la Justicia Hernán I. Schapirocomenta el fallo “Arancibia Clavel”, en el que la Corte. Argentina’ por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos,” Fallos .. [ National Supreme Court of Justice], 24/8/, “Arancibia Clavel, Enrique Lautaro s/.
Based on this analysis, advances and setbacks are identified in the different positions adopted by the Supreme Court, which then allows for the identification of problems. Finally, the study proposes a way by which to overcome the challenges and thereby improve the level of compliance with IAHRS decisions. The clabel of the Arncibia Human Rights System IAHRS is a topic that clavsl increasing attention, given concerns about a lack of compliance with its decisions by different bodies.
In particular, one could highlight the publication in of two quantitative aranciiba that examined the degree to which the decisions adopted by the bodies of the IAHRS were effectively applied BASCH et al. The two publications are far from identical; for one thing, they each analyzed different sets of data.
Likewise, the ADC study was limited to evaluating the decisions taken faklo a five year period, whereas our study looked at all sentences issued by the Court since it began in until the end of — decisions the Court would have monitored for compliance as of late Similarly, another important difference is in the conflicting conclusions drawn about the effectiveness of the IAHRS; this can be attributed to differences in indicators, rather than substantial differences in data measurement.
However, arancibai analysis exposed strong reasons to believe that the measures necessary to achieve this objective should come from within States themselves, and here we diverge from some of the proposals in the ADC study. Above all, the judicial powers of the States must accept the binding nature of the decisions of the judicial body of the IAHRS, given that — as will be explained shortly — this is where the greatest obstacles to effective compliance can be found.
We therefore believe faloo this is the necessary starting point for any analysis of compliance with IAHRS decisions within national contexts. Next, we analyze the evolutionary development arancibbia the implementation of international law in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina CSJNin general terms, in order to understand the origins of the current situation.
Special attention will be given to the last constitutional reform, because it generated a paradigmatic shift with regard to how IAHRS decisions were xlavel in the courts.
In addition, the State had not fully carried out all of the reparations ordered in any of the verdicts. Applying the methodology used in the study published last year, we can classify the measures demanded of the State into six categories: Based on this classification system, we can observe that the State was ordered to pay compensation five times; to pay expenses in all six cases; to publicize the verdict in four cases; to publically recognize its responsibility in one instance; to modify its internal legislation twice —one of those times with more specificity than the other; and to investigate human rights violations and prosecute those responsible on four occasions.
This data xrancibia be seen graphically in the following table that we developed. The degree to which the Aracibia complies with the sentences can be determined clavdl on this data. It can be observed that the State has begun to falli in some respects. On the other hand, the State has not complied with its obligation to prosecute those responsible for human rights violations in any of the cases in which this was ordered.
However, non-compliance with the obligation to conduct a judicial investigation is hardly surprising, given that it is the common denominator amongst all IAHRS member states that refuse to comply with IACHR Court decisions. Of all of the measures imposed, this clearly represents the one that has the highest percentage of non-compliance, at This brings us to reinforce the hypothesis presented in the previous section: Since its establishment inthe CSJN has been able to directly apply international law to the cases that it has heard.
The Constitution empowered the CSJN and the lower courts to address cases governed by treaties with foreign nations Article 97 in the original text while establishing the original jurisdiction of the highest court over issues concerning foreign ambassadors, claveel, and consuls Article 98 in the text. With regard to the implementation of international treaties in particular, it is clear that—in addition to the aforementioned references—Article 31 of the Constitution recognized them as an integral part of the supreme law of the clavsl.
The difficulty is found in the questionable hierarchy given to international law by Law In the aforementioned Article 21, this law established that national judges were obliged to apply norms in the following order of falllo However, issues could not always be easily resolved when the Argentine legislation came into conflict with the international obligations assumed by the State.
Inthe CSJN created a doctrine to deal with such situations. The CSJN should have acknowledged the existence of contradictory normative foundations that prioritized both fallo of norms.
On the one hand, Law 48 placed national laws above treaties. At the same time, when the verdict was cllavel, there was an indisputable customary gallo of international law that affirmed the aranfibia superiority of treaties over national laws.
By then, the CSJN understood that the inexistence of a normative basis for determining the hierarchy between treaties and laws was false — although that had also been the case in The court noted that in earlythe Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties had entered into effect, and it required Member States to give preference to international law over national law. After the aforementioned doctrine had been established, it remained unclear what position the court would take in a future conflict between an international treaty and the National Constitution.
This conclusion drew on Article 27 of the Constitution, which establishes the obligation to secure relationships with foreign States through the signing of treaties so as long as they conform to the principles of public rights enshrined in the Constitution. Still, the CSJN has not issued a categorical statement about the way in which a hypothetical conflict between national law and customary international law should be resolved.
Thus, the doctrine of constitutional supremacy has been clearly established throughout the history of CSJN jurisprudence. However, this ruling is only an isolated case within CSJN jurisprudence. Perhaps the most relevant instance where a treaty was said to outrank the National Constitution can be found in The reform arose from a treaty signed between the Parties in However, this case is also atypical, and it occurred before the existence of a CSJN that could evaluate its validity.
By way of conclusion, it can be aranciba that, despite the existence of these two exceptions, it is clear that up until the constitutional reform, the CSJN gave higher status to the Constitution relative to any international law. A logical consequence of this doctrine of constitutional supremacy was the recognition of the CSJN as the ultimate arbiter, in accordance with the Constitution.
However, the afllo reform may have weakened this seemingly rigid doctrine. The constitutional reform of not only provided ckavel constitutional basis for the supremacy of treaties over national laws, in the new Article 75 subpoint 22; it also established that 11 international human rights instruments, listed in the Constitution itself, take precedence over the Constitution. Notably, the ACHR is the only international instrument that arwncibia the jurisdiction of an international court with the power to issue binding rulings on States.
Therefore, we will proceed to analyze in detail the implications of the constitutional hierarchy given agancibia the ACHR. As presented in the Constituent Assembly debates, this expression refers to the fact that the treaties acquire this status in accordance with the reservations and interpretative declarations that the Argentine state made at the time of ratifying aranciiba approving them ARGENTINA,p.
However, since the CSJN has attributed a different meaning to this expression; a meaning that is quite relevant and does not contradict the intentions of the Constituent Arahcibia.
A different interpretation—one that concluded that the declarations of the regulatory bodies do not determine the conditions of validity of the treaties—would make the concession of constitutional status to the aforementioned Covenant nonsensical.
Fallk, the interpretation of this phrase presented some legal discrepancies, even though the intentions of the Constituent Assembly had been clear.
This is undoubtedly the clause that has generated the most divergent views in doctrine and jurisprudence, since it has been understood to determine the hierarchical relationship between international instruments that have constitutional status and the Fxllo itself. Within the CSJN, conflicting criteria persist today with regard to how this phrase should be interpreted when resolving cases where the Constitution appears at odds with an international instrument that technically has the same hierarchical status, such as the ACHR.
In particular, this law had restricted which articles of the Constitution could be reformed, noting that any unauthorized changes would be nullified. According to this opinion, treaties that had constitutional hierarchy would be constitutional norms of second rank, valid only when they did not contradict norms contained in the first part of the Constitution.
Without losing sight of these two contradictory positions adopted within the CSJN, we find it necessary to examine the minutes of the Constituent Assembly. The minutes do not indicate that claims were made as to the absolute compatibility between the constitutional clauses and all of the contents of the international treaties.
As the Constituent Assembly argued, this could be considered the key to resolving any conflict that emerges between a treaty that has constitutional hierarchy and the Constitution itself.
In light of this, the affirmation of the existence of hierarchical relationships between the Constitution and constitutionally-ranked treaties starts to lose importance, given that the constitutionally-established rule is that the norm that offers the greatest protection to the rights of the people is the one that should be applied. It can be said that various international human rights instruments, including the ACHR, became recognized as norms of the highest rank in the Argentine legal system following the constitutional reform.
Similarly, this reform gave the IACHR Court special status, as it is the only international court whose decisions are acknowledged to be binding under a rule of constitutional standing. Various judges have therefore invoked the jurisprudence of the IACHR Court, with the understanding that they were doing it to fulfill an international obligation.
On the other hand, there is clearly criticism within the CSJN regarding the way in which it has applied the case law of the IACHR Court, and international law in general, in cases related to the punishment of crimes against humanity.
Los Consejos De Guerra Durante La Última Dictadura Militar Argentina (–)
However, its conduct is far from showing the adoption of uniform criteria; rather, its ocnduct is characterized by contradiction: Argentina,the IACHR Court had ruled against the State, determining that the plaintiff had been denied the right of access to justice given the amount of money he owed after he lost a legal complaint against the State.
In that case, the IACHR Court had ordered the State to undertake various measures, including an investigation of the events surrounding the death of a juvenile, Walter Bulacio, after his illegal detention by the police.
The Court had emphasized that, for this purpose, the statute of limitations that had been issued by the national courts were impermissible. At the end ofthe complaint filed against one of those accused of the Bulacio crime came before the CSJN so that it could rule on the statute of limitations that was issued by the lower courts.
The ruling was especially relevant because the members of the Court did not fully agree with the judicial criteria employed by the IACHR Court, and they listed several critiques of the procedure that was undertaken in that international forum. This clavsl an important difference compared to previous decisions, where the binding nature of the jurisprudence arancibiia the IACHR Court had not implied any need to go against the legal criteria employed by the CSJN itself.
The Implementation of Decisions from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in Argentina
However, the CSJN behaved in a completely contradictory way shortly thereafter. Argentinaa the IACHR Court established the obligation of the Argentine State to investigate the alleged torturing of a plaintiff in police headquarters and to punish those responsible. This opinion had stated that the statute of limitations should be upheld since that the allegations did not constitute a crime against humanity. Subsequently, the CSJN decided to require that the Executive Branch adopt adequate measures to protect the lives, health, and physical integrity of all of the prisoners, within twenty days.
This study provided a concise analysis of the evolution of CSJN case law with regard to the implementation of international laws. The goal was to examine the changes in doctrine undergone by the court, in order to understand its position with respect to the obligations emerging from the IAHRS.
The jurisprudential history showed a marked tendency toward the protection of the principle of constitutional hierarchy, followed by the self-recognition of the CSJN as the highest court. An important change in this legal paradigm occurred with the constitutional reform. The concession of superior status to several international human rights instruments, including the ACHR, created an important opening for the fulfillment of international obligations—particularly those emerging from the IAHRS.
However, the CSJN has been inconsistent in its recognition of the binding nature of IACHR Court decisions, even though this obligation comes both from the authority of an international treaty and from a clause of the utmost rank within the Argentine legal system. As expressed at the beginning of this article, the greatest weakness of the IAHRS today is the failure of national courts to fulfill their obligation to prosecute those responsible for human rights violations, and the Argentine state is hardly the exception.
It can be debated as to whether the obligation imposed by the IACHR Court in this case was strictly to undertake legislative reform. By mid, the IACHR Court still had not issued any statement on its oversight of the status of compliance with this decision.
Another argument used by the Court in this case was that international treaties could be considered complex federal acts, given that both the Executive Branch and the Legislative Branch are involved in concluding them.
The Court therefore maintained that the repeal of a treaty by only one of these branches of government would violate constitutionally conferred powers.
This created a five-judge majority that shared the same understanding of Article 75 subpoint The possibility that a clause modified by the Constituent Assembly could be declared null and void is far from being a mere hypothetical exercise.
Sentencia de 2 de febrero de Caso Garrido y Baigorria v. Sentencia de 28 de noviembre. Sentencia de 18 de septiembre. Sentencia de 11 de mayo. Caso Buenos Alves v. Sentencia de 2 de mayo. Sentencia de 30 de octubre. He is currently a doctoral candidate at the University of Reading School of Law. Translated by Nora Ferm. Received in July
Cisco DPC Manual Spanish. SPEC SHEET. Cisco DPC Specs The Cisco DPC wireless G router is a compact device that. Find the default login, username, password, and ip address for your Cisco DPC router. You will need to know then when you get a new router, or when you. The steps below will help you set up your Rogers modem and Wi-Fi in mere minutes! If you just want to find, change or reset your Wi-Fi password, visit this page.
Cisco DPC cieco include a very basic firewall that helps protect your home network form unwanted access from the internet. Since this firewall blocks incoming connections you may need open a port through it for certain games and applications.
This process of opening a port is frequently called a port forwardsince you are forwarding a port from the internet to your home network. While these steps might seem difficult at first, we will walk you through each step for your Cisco DPC router.
We think that forwarding a port should be easy. That’s why we created Network Utilities. Our software does everything that you need to forward a port. It is important to setup a static ip address in the device that you are forwarding a port to. This ensures that your ports will remain open even after your device reboots. Now mnaual are going to login to your Cisco DPC router.
Cisco DPC Default Router Login and Password
Your router has a web interface, so you will login to it using your web browser. It usually does not matter which browser you choose to use. Open up your web browser and find the address bar. It should look something like this:. In the picture above the address bar has Your router’s IP address can also be refered to as your computer’s default gateway. After entering the IP address of your router you can simply press enter.
If all goes well you will see the following screen:. Enter your username and password, and then click the Login button to log in to your Cisco DPC router. If your username and password do not work then please visit our Default Cisco Router Passwords page.
Now we need to find the port forwarding section in your router. Here’s how you do it. Starting from the first page in your router:. This can be either the IP address of your computer or the IP address of another device on your network. If you are forwarding a range of ports separated by a hyphen then enter the lowest number of that range into the Start Port box and the highest number of that range into the End Port box. If you are only forwarding a single port number then enter that number into both the Start Port and the End Port boxes.
When you’re finished, click Apply near the bottom of the screen to save your changes. Now that you have forwarded ports on the Cisco DPC you should test to see if your ports are forwarded correctly. To test if your port has been properly forwarded, you can use our Network Utilities tool, which includes a free Open Port Checker.
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Intro Download Buy News Support. The basic process to open a port is: Setup a static IP address on either your computer or device that you want to forward a port to.
Cisco DPC2325 Manuals
Login to your Cisco DPC router. Navigate to the port forwarding section. Click the Port Forwarding link. Create a port forward entry. When you use Network Utilities you get your port forwarded right now!
Bone, Vol, 1 has ratings and reviews. Patrick said: This comic shook up the comic industry something fierce when it came out. From what I. Out from Boneville (BONE #1) [Jeff Smith] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The first book in Jeff Smith’s New York Times bestselling. Editorial Reviews. From Publishers Weekly. The nine-volume Bone graphic novel series was the toast of the comics world when it was published by Smith’s own.
It’s overflowing with subtext about conflicting philosophies of power, cultural imperialism and political responsibility — though not enough to get in the way of its silly fun. He was born and raised in the American Midwest and learned about cartooning from comic strips, comic books, and TV animation.
Out from Boneville (BONE #1): Jeff Smith: : Books
Visit him online at www. Would you like to tell us about a lower price? If you are a seller for this product, would you like to suggest updates through seller support? The first book in Jeff Smith’s New York Times bestselling, award-winning graphic novel series featuring an unlikely hero who must save an idyllic valley from the forces of evil.
After being run out of Boneville, the three Bone cousins — Fone Bone, Phoney Bone, and Smiley Bone — are separated and blneville in a vast, uncharted desert.
One by one, they find their way into a deep, forested valley filled with wonderful and terrifying creatures. Eventually, the cousins are reunited at a farmstead run by tough Gran’ma Ben and her spirited granddaughter, Thorn. But little do the Bones know, there are dark forces conspiring against them and their adventures are only just beginning!
Bone: Out from Boneville – Wikipedia
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Add all three to Cart Add all three to List. Buy the selected items together This item: Ships from and sold by Amazon. Customers who bought this item also bought. Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1. Ghost Circles Bone 7. Product details Age Range: Graphix; English Language edition February 1, Language: Start reading Bone Vol. Out From Boneville on your Kindle in under a minute.
Don’t have a Kindle? Our favorite toys for everyone on your list Shop now. Try the Kindle edition and experience these great reading features: Share your thoughts with other customers. Write a customer review. See all customer images. Read reviews that mention jeff smith rat creatures fone bone graphic novel graphic novels year old black and white bone cousins phoney bone smiley bone red dragon lord of the rings comic book granma ben highly recommend old son bone series stupid rat bone and smiley carl barks.
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Top Reviews Most recent Top Reviews. There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later. Once you start reading about the Bone cousins and their troubles, you feel as though you are a part of the action and have to follow them to the end as they meet more fantastic characters. Every person, animal, and creature adds to the adventure of the Bone cousins as they try to make a new life for themselves and uncover secrets about other characters past which will impact their future.
The book act is vibrant with lots of details to the characters human and other as well as they scenery around them. A friend mentioned that this was her favorite comic. I had not previously heard of Bone, but I have been reading more comics lately and it is hard not to be intruigued by Bone.
Three young “bones” from Boneville: In addition to the Bones there are rat creatures, dragons, and lots of interesting creatures It worried me to see that people complained that while the story itself was great and they were glad to have it in one volume, it was a cheaper quality product. This is why I bought the first book bonefille a test. I bought a used copy to save some money, and as I read I asked myself if I would be as drawn in if it were in black and white or on thin paper.
On the frpm alone, I would say yes. But I do feel like it wouldn’t have as much impact You know how each word feels, but you strain a little to grasp it. So, I just ordered bonsville rest of the series, some used, some new I just wanted to say that my son absolutely loves reading now thanks to two book series: He loves both, but the Bone series takes him to another world. He really loves talking about it, sharing with his bonee, and this first book was the first book he sat down and read in two days.
He’s 8 years old and didn’t know before now that books can be fun and exciting. Thank you for writing this. The drawings are both adorable and creepy, too.
Perfect for a 3rd grader! I just want to add my “thumbs up” to all the reviews here. If you haven’t read this series, here’s where to start.
Out from Boneville
With similarities to “Cerebus” and “Pogo”, “Bone” has heart and soul all its own. The lead character, “Fone Bone” exhibits the full range of human emotions. He gets frightened at times, but keeps on going; he gets infatuated, he is loyal, he is ironic The stories are clever page-turners, filled with action, tension and wonderful humor. I can’t imagine this going out of print, but in the comics industry you never know, so I recommend buying “Out from Boneville”. I betcha can’t read just this one My 9 year old loves the series.
Written in a comic form, he devoured these books within a week. I kept having to buy the next one and then we donated them to his teacher’s library so his friends could read. Bones is a creature who lives with his cousins and goes on adventures with his cousins. He even read them out of sequence then went back and read in order again.
As a comics book nerd it’s always been my dream to pass on my the enjoyment to the younger generation and this is just the way to start that. Gifted the first 2 trades to my nephew who has since read the whole series.
One person found this helpful. This is one of the best comic books I have ever read. I’m 35 and have been reading and collecting comics since I was 8 or 9. I’ve seen a lot of great stuff out there but this is tops. Jeff Smith’s art is so unique, the writing is excellent and the story throughout the entire series is just epic. I recommend this to any parent wanting to start their children off well with great comics.
Mine was learning to read and Vol 1 was the first comic she managed to read a little bit of. Jeff Smith’s Bone is a wonderful adventure story that can be enjoyed by all ages.
Many of its characters are cartoonish in both personality and appearance, but they are still easy to root for and care about. This volume manages to tell a compelling story and weave interesting mysteries while still filling the story with great humor bits and introducing several compelling mysteries that will want to make you read the next volume as soon as possible. This version of Bone has been colorized, and it looks wonderful.
While reading it, it is hard to imagine that it was once in simple black and white. Although it is slightly larger than a typical book, it is still small enough to carry around and can easily fit into a oyt or a backpack.
I would highly recommend introducing Bone to reluctant readers. Although it is a comic rather than a novel, the writing is top notch, and its story should be able to ignite a love of reading in many children.
One word of warning: Be prepared to shell out for the rest of the series after getting this one. The reviewer was compensated for posting this review.
However, the opinion vone in the review is that of the reviewer and the reviewer alone. See all reviews. Amazon Giveaway allows you to run promotional giveaways in order to create buzz, reward your audience, and attract new followers and customers.
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Guillaume Dufay. Ave Regina caelorum, antiphon for 4 voices. Composition Information ↓; Description ↓; Appears On ↓. Share on. facebook · twitter · tumblr. Guillaume Du Fay. Opera Omnia 01/ Ave Regina caelorum 3. Edited by Alejandro Enrique Planchart. Marisol Press. Santa Barbara, Guillaume Du Fay. Opera Omnia 03/ Missa Ave regina caelorum. Edited by Alejandro Enrique Planchart. Marisol Press. Santa Barbara,
Ave Regina coelorum one of 3 settings Composer: Original text and translations may be found at Ave Regina caelorum.
James Gibb submitted MusicXML source file is in compressed. Scott Villard submitted This is an SATB arrangement in modern notation that redistributes the original parts to make them easier to sing.
The original parts have wide tessituras, leaps, and crossing lines, and I think it can be a little intimidating for some singers. I hope that this version puts the piece within reach of more choirs because it’s really interesting music with unusual by today’s standards harmonies.
Eoin Conway submitted Alessandro Simonetto submitted Guido Gonzato submitted Rafael Age submitted Guillaume Dufay Number of voices: Original text and translations Original text and translations may be found at Ave Regina caelorum. Retrieved from ” http: Navigation menu Personal tools Log in Request account.
Views Read View source View history. This page was last edited on 7 Februaryat Web page content is available under the CPDL copyright license ; please see individual editions for their copyright terms.
He ran for president twice in andlosing both times. They have 7 children. In he founded with other partners the private Universidad del Desarrollo which proves to be one of the most important private universities of Chile.
Joaquín Lavín | Revolvy
His professional life was always connected with politics and the first step toward this was done when he became a mayor of Las Condas in On 20 July, he had expressed openness to same-sex adoption. From until Lavin was a desk-editor of Economics and A presidential election took place in Chile on Sunday, December 11, Bachelet was victorious with She succeeded President Ricardo Lagos on March 11, for a period of four years, after Congress reformed the Constitution in September and reduced the term from six years.
The Chilean parliamentary election was held in conjunction with the presidential election. She was supported by the Coalition of Parties for Democracy, which has governed Chile since The coalition groups four parties: The UDI is today a conservative political party with strong links to the Opus Dei, that opposes women reproductive rights[10] UDI, together with National Renewal RN and other minor movements, formed a coalition of right-wing parties called Coalition for Change, which is the successor to Alliance for Chile and rose to power in Marchafter victory in the presidential elections of January It was the largest political party Jojakim originally Eljakim was a king of Judah in the Old Testament.
His son was Jojachin. The UDI soon broke away to run Not to be confused with Chile Vamos, the coalition that dissolved, de facto, the Alliance. Alianzapreviously known as Alliance for Chile Spanish: Alianza por Chilewas a coalition of right-wing Chilean political parties.
The Alliance was replaced between and by the Coalition for Change. After the municipal elections, the coalition returned to its original name. In was replaced with Chile Vamos. Lagos was the third president from the center-left Coalition of Parties for Democracy to have ruled Chile since He was succeeded on March 11, by Socialist Michelle Bachelet, from the same coalition.
He attended primary school at Liceo Experimental Silencioss d The headquarters of the UC. It is also one of Chile’s oldest universities and one of the most revoluciin educational institutions in Latin America. The campuses in Santiago are: The Humanist Party Spanish: Partido Humanista is a progressive left-wing political party in Chile, founded in At the last legislative elections, 16 Decemberthe party won 1. The party xilenciosa a member cihle the Humanist International. He polled 4th place and therefore did not make the runoff.
Lavin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Lucius Lavin, Stargate character He also served as the 34th President from to He was born on 1 Decemberin Santiago, Chile. The area is inhabited primarily by joaquiin to high income families, and known in the Chilean collective consciousness as home to the country’s economic elite.
The population grew by Presidential elections were held in Chile on 12 Decemberwith a second round run-off on 16 January A data handbook, V The Union of the Centrist Center Spanish: Due to disagreements between the Silenfiosa and the National Renewal, one of the members of the Union for Progress, the UCC broke with the alliance on and presented their own candidate, Arturo Frei, for the presidential elections.
The — Chilean protests — known as the Chilean Winter in particular reference to the massive protests of August or the Chilean Education Conflict as labelled in Chilean media — were a series of student-led protests across Chile, demanding a new framework for education in the country, including more direct state participation in secondary education and lavinn end to the existence of profit in higher education.
No new public universities have been built since the end of the Chilean transition to democracy ineven though the number of university students has swelled. Beyond the silencosa demands regarding education, there is a feeling that the protests reflect a “deep discontent” among some parts of society with Chile’s high level of inequality. Coalition of Parties for Democracy was a coalition of center-left political parties in Chile, founded in In it was replaced by New Majority coalition.
History In General Augusto Pinochet, the de facto President of Joauin, legalized political parties and called llavin plebiscite to determine whether or not he would remain in power.
She was a staunch opponent of General Augusto Pinochet and filed the first lawsuit against him, in which she accused him of committing human rights violations during his seventeen-year dictatorship. At the age of eleven she settled in Santiago. She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies inand again inlafin a working-class district of Santiago. The Chicago Boys were a group of Chilean economists prominent around the s and s, the majority of whom trained at the Department of Economics of the University of Chicago under Milton Friedman and Arnold Harberger, or at its affiliate in the economics department at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.
Upon their return to Latin America they adopted positions in numerous South American governments including the Military dictatorship of Chile — As economic advisors, many of them reached high positions within those. Some such as Nobel laureate Amartya Sen have argued that these policies were deliberately intended to serve the interests of American corporations at the expense The following lists events that sipenciosa during in Chie.
Incumbents President of Chile: After leaving the presidency in and while not immediately reelectable, she was appointed the first executive director of the newly created United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women UN Women.
She was the first President of Chile to be reelected since She is a separated mother of three and describes herself as an agnostic.
He was most known for his role in public policies, where he promoted a llavin focus of resources toward the needy. Upon getting his Master in Economics at University of Chicago, Miguel Kast joined Odeplanthe state agency that led many public policy and economic changes after At Odeplan, Miguel Kast focused most of his energies on creating the “map of extreme poverty”, which would become the cornerstone of Chile’s social development programs.
In he became the head of Odeplan and used his position to involve young professionals in the struggle against poverty by making them join Lacin and by sending them to the country’s outer regions to get insight into the real problems of Chile.
This was a complicated moment in Chi San Carlos de Apoquindo campus in Santiago, Silencioas.
Joaquín Lavín
Universidad del Desarrollo Spanish for “University for development” is a Chilean private university. The following year, architecture, journalism were added and a law school opened. Inits main campus was inaugurated. The following year programs for industrial engineering and social sciences were opened. Inthe sildnciosa gained autonomy from the Catholic University of Chile.
Two years later, the university opened a new campus, while absorbing the Universidad This is a list of prominent Opus Dei members. It is intended to include people whose membership in Opus Dei is documented in published sources, and chils a matter of public record.
The names of Opus Dei directors and priests are available in official Catholic journals and Opus Dei’s official bulletin, Romana. Opus Dei maintains lists of cooperators, who are not considered by Opus Dei to be members, and who do not even have to be Roman Catholics, but who agree to assist with the work of Opus Dei in any of various ways. Such cooperators are not included in this list.
This article should by no means be considered an exhaustive list of past and present members and sympathisers of Opus Dei involved in political, religious, cultural, academic or literary life. Opus Dei policy on publicizing membership Opus Dei treats membership status of its lay members in a confidential manner, having a stated policy of neither confirming nor denying the membership of Opus Dei until the member in question has publicly ack Its organisation and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of Chile’s current constitution.
SinceChile’s congressional elections are governed by lvin Open list proportional representation. Beforea unique binomial system was used. These system rewards coalition slates.
Formats and Editions of Chile : revolución silenciosa []
Each coalition could run two candidates for each electoral district’s two Chamber seats. Typically, the two largest coalitions in a district divided the seats, one each, among themselves. Only if the leading coalition ticket out-polls the second-place coalition by a margin of more than two-to-one did the winning coalition gain both seats. October 23 is the th day of the year th in leap years in the Gregorian calendar. There are 69 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events 42 Revolucon — Liberators’ civil war: Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat Brutus’s army. At the Battle of Sagrajas, the Almoravids defeats the Castilians, but are unable to take advantage of their victory.
It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. The arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth, principally copper.
The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern reolucion.
Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a Its concession goes back to Decree No.
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Mangalore Recipes/Dishes and Articles about Food on NDTV Food. View Mangalore Videos, Recipes, Food Articles and explore more on Mangalore. Dec 3, Mangalorean Food Recipes includes our family favorite Mangalorean recipes | See more ideas about Dinner recipes, Chef recipes and Chicken. Mangalorean Recipes. Kudla (Manglorean recipes). neer dosa · marvai aajadina (clams sukka) · kori ghassi in a jiffy · pundi (steamed rice balls) · kori ghassi.
Pork Ribs has got to be one of the most requested recipes and I have not been able to oblige my Baking is one of my stress busters. I love to bake something for the family and while I wish I could A week to go before Christmas recpies we are all scrambling to finish all the last minute chores.
Ruchik Randhap – Food & Memories of Mangalore
The season of Advent has begun and while it is a time for prayer and preparation of our souls for the upcoming Christmas season, most of us are busy chalking out menus of the festivities we are going to be indulging in. So keeping up with the momentum, I will share a few recipes for you to try this Christmas season. Tutti frutti is essentially made out mangalorena candied raw papaya and stained with different edible colours.
Tutti frutti is similar to glace fruits that come from different fruits and citrus peels that are stewed in sugar syrup mangqlorean dried. This is a amngalorean of preserving fruits and are generally used in baking or other confectionary. I have always loved tutti frutti and used to enjoy…. During my growing up years plantains were a regular feature on our dining table.
Plantains are also consumed in their raw form while bananas need to be eaten only when ripe.
While overripe bananas made their way into Mangalore buns or banana pooris, overripe plantains that turned almost black on the outside were generally cut up and shallow fried in ghee and served with a generous sprinkling of sugar. They tasted like heaven! Especially when we got home from school completely famished. Crispy paneer cottage cheese is just what you need for this gorgeous weather in Dubai! Well, I know folks, I have been away from the blog for almost 3 weeks now and life has just been so very busy.
Category: Mangalorean Recipes
It always helps me clear my thoughts and come back with a bang. Just what we need for the upcoming Mangaloean season! I know that in most countries the season has already started. With Christmas trees and decorations everywhere, Dubai mmangalorean no mangalprean. Maybe I should play some to get into the mood. That should help me gear up…. One of my most favourite Indian sweets of all time is the gulab jamoon. I am not sure who named this sweet as gulab jamoon, perhaps the round shape and the colour can be best matched with pretty roses.
Whoever it was is a genius because I know many people who can kiss their foul mood away after a single bite of this amazing sweet.
This is so popularly served at weddings and parties these days that perhaps the only strong contender to the gulab jamoon would be ice cream. And perhaps that is why most people serve both together. The combination of fresh and hot gulab…. I just went through my archives to see my last post for Bread Bakers — a lovely little baking group that I have been a part of since early I realised that my last post was dated Oct !
This group has helped me learn reckpes much about baking bread by simply being a part of it. I am not sure where the two years have flown by.
Traditional Mangalorean Recipes Archives – Ruchik Randhap
It seems like just yesterday that I was hunting for a suitable bread recipe mangwlorean post. A few days ago when I was on Facebook I got notified of some upcoming themes for their monthly….
It is one of those few times when I am still awake after packing off my kids to school. I generally sleep late and wake up too early and try to catch a nap after they leave.
Today I decided to finish off mangaalorean pending blog work and was too tempted to post a recipe. I have set a weekly target for myself. I just hope I can stick to it. So earlier this week I made this easy mutton curry. Well, we used to be huge fans of Nutella and would religiously buy bottles of it until I started making the chocolate hazelnut spread at home.
The taste was the same especially since I could control the amount of sugar used. There is so much one can do with this lovely chocolate spread apart from using it as a spread on bread or toast. You can bake with it, add it to milkshakes and smoothies and use it as a dip.
These are the few things that I can recall as I type this but I am sure there are a ton of different ways to enjoy it. I have a few recipes that call for a chocolate spread, I will link them below.
Mangalorean Recipes
For the longest time I used it…. Today I am going to share with you a few tidbits about how my life has been these past few months. We are slowly but steadily inching towards the end of this year. Time has just flown by. As I do every year, Mangaloreqn embarked upon a wonderful journey of cutting calories earlier this year.
Call it fat loss or fad diet, I tried two manglaorean low cal diets between Nov and July and was pleased with the results. As a food blogger it is sometimes impossible to say no to a variety of food most of which I end up cooking at home.
See All Recent Posts. Latest Posts Pork Ribs has got to be one of the most requested recipes and I have not been able to oblige my Video Recipes More Video Recipes. Watch My Mangalrean Video!
Recently Served Tutti Frutti Cake December 4, The season of Advent has begun and while it is a time for prayer and preparation of our souls for the upcoming Christmas season, most of us are busy chalking out menus of the festivities we are going to be indulging maangalorean. I have always loved tutti frutti and used to enjoy… Read More Fried Plantains November 28, During my growing up years plantains were a regular feature on our dining table.
Crispy Paneer — Airfryer Recipe November 26, Crispy paneer cottage cheese is just what you need for this gorgeous weather in Dubai! The combination of fresh and hot gulab… Read More. Khobz Al Khameer Traditional Emirati Bread Breadbakers October 9, I just went through my archives to see my last post for Bread Bakers — a lovely little baking group that I have been a part of since early A few days ago when I was on Facebook I got notified of some upcoming themes for their monthly… Read More Kerala Style Easy Mutton Curry October 4, It is one of those rcipes times when I am still awake after packing off my kids to school.
I generally grab… Read More. February 14, More Recipes. Have You Tried This? In the past I used to collect plenty of manhalorean and on some occasions even have them made in front of me. Then I would return back home and try them once again in my …. Follow Me on Instagram. Get the recipes delivered to you – for free! You can unsubscribe at any time.
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare form of odontogenic tumor, one that develops in the jawbones from the epithelial cells that generate the tooth enamel. Mandible / maxilla – Malignant tumors: ameloblastic carcinoma. Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare odontogenic malignancy that combines the histological features of ameloblastoma with cytological atypia.
Ameloblastic carcinoma ameloblasric a relatively rare type of tumor. According to the World Health Organization WHOthe carcinoma can be classified as metastasizing malignant ameloblastoma or ameloblastic carcinoma 1.
Metastasizing ameloblastoma is defined as an ameloblastoma, which metastasizes and the primary and metastatic tissues demonstrate benign histological features 2. Whereas ameloblastic carcinoma exhibit malignant features, such as cellular atypia and mitosis 3.
ame,oblastic Ameloblastic carcinoma consists of two subtypes; primary and secondary. The primary type demonstrates malignancy in the primary tumor with characteristics of ameloblastoma and cytologic atypia. The secondary type consists of malignant changes, which originate in a amelobllastic existing ameloblastoma, regardless of the presence or absence of metastasis. The secondary type of ameloblastic carcinoma can be divided into two further subtypes.
The intraosseous type arises within a pre-existing benign intraosseous ameloblastoma and the peripheral type arises within a pre-existing benign peripheral ameloblastoma 4.
Angiero et al 5 reported that ameloblastic carcinoma possess unique histopathological features.
Ameloblastic carcinoma – Wikipedia
At the early stages of malignancy or dedifferentiation, epithelial tumor nests and carcinoja surrounded by a layer of stellate basaloid cells are observed in the mesenchymal tissue. Mubeen et al 6 recognized that these cells exhibit malignant features, such as cellular pleomorphism, mitoses, focal necrosis, perineural invasion and nuclear hyperchromatism.
Furthermore, ameloblastic carcinoma exhibit histological features of ameloblastoma and carcinoma. Ameloblastic carcinoma is an uncommon tumor type, and therefore, the clinical characteristics, appropriate treatment and response rates have not been well characterized. Benlyazid et al 7 retrospectively reviewed 66 patients with ameloblastic carcinoma that were reported between andand the majority exhibited lung metastasis, which indicated the requirement for systemic therapy.
As a relatively rare malignant tumor, further detailed and systematic studies regarding ameloblastic carcinoma are required. In total, 12 patients with ameloblastic carcinoma who were treated at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu, China between and Table Iand 20 more cases reported between and identified by searching PubMed http: Review of 20 cases of ameloblastic carcinoma from an evidence-based literature review between and The ameloblasfic carcinomas were classified as primary or secondary by ameloblaetic reviewing pathologist using the WHO ameloblaetic 8.
The gender, age, primary site, surgical procedures, pathology and outcome were identified. Primary and metastatic lesions caricnoma confirmed by X-ray, computed tomography CT and pathological examination. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and approval of the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Sichuan University.
An extended jaw resection was performed if the X-ray and CT scan demonstrated destruction of the cortical bone, involvement of the periosteum, or invasion of soft tissue. In cases where the tumor invaded the cortical bone and exhibited no invasion of the carcunoma tissue, a partial jaw resection was performed. A marginal ostectomy was performed for tumors that were limited to the alveolar bone without cortical invasion.
Ameloblastic carcinoma of the maxilla
A total of 12 patients with ameloblastic carcinoma were treated at the West China Hospital of Stomatology between and Tumors occurred more frequently in the mandible than in the maxillary No patients underwent cervical lymph node dissection, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A year-old male was diagnosed with left jaw ameloblastoma.
Following curettage in at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, the chest radiograph was normal. However, 22 years later, panoramic radiographs demonstrated bone destruction Fig. A needle biopsy of the lung nodule revealed ameloblastoma and the patient underwent a partial mandibulectomy; the pathological examination demonstrated metastatic ameloblastoma.
Eight years later, the tumor recurred Fig. Pathological review of the needle biopsy demonstrated ameloblastic carcinoma. Subsequently, the patient underwent an extended mandible resection of the ameloblastic carcinoma secondary type; Figs.
The patient experienced various stages of disease development: Preoperative panoramic view of an ameloblastic carcinoma patient showing a low-density signal from C3 to the leading edge of the left mandibular ramus.
Postoperative panoramic view of one patient showing a large area of bone loss in the mandible. A relatively low-density signal was observed in the C3—C6 area. The reconstruction plate is shown in place, with three loosening screws. Additionally, potential tumor involvement of the surgical margins was observed. Chest radiograph of one patient showing metastases in the bilateral lower lobes of the lung black arrows.
Clinical image of one patient demonstrating an exophytic mass on the gum of the right mandible around the C4. Postoperative panoramic image demonstrating bone loss between cardinoma bilateral mandibular ramus and the reconstruction plate was placed in the defect area to aid with repair.
In total, 20 patients with ameloblastic carcinoma, which were reported between and were identified by searching PubMed Table II.
The postoperative follow-up ranged between six and 48 months. A total of 10 patients exhibited varcinoma tumors and 10 had mandibular tumors. Furthermore, 17 patients had primary tumors and three exhibited secondary tumors. The cure rate of males and females was The cure rate was Two patients with lymph node metastasis were also ameloblastc with radical neck dissection and seven patients with lymph node metastasis underwent prophylactic lymph node dissection.
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were administered for lung metastases, and radiotherapy alone was administered for lymph node metastasis. Only primary tumors were treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Ameloblastic carcinoma cure rates at the West China Hospital of Stomatology and from the literature. The evolution of ameloblastoma to ameloblastic carcinoma is controversial The exact mechanism of the malignant transformation is currently unknown due to the limited number of reports.
Ameloblastic Carcinoma
One study has shown that malignant transformation requires a relatively long duration, and multistage carcinogenesis is a reasonable suggestion as to the underlying mechanism of malignant transformation However, the exact mechanism requires further investigation. The present study presents the progression from benign ameloblastoma to metastatic ameloblastoma and eventually to ameloblastic carcinoma in a year-old male.
Surgical treatment alone was effective for this patient. Rare diseases, including the ameloblastoma to ameloblastic carcinoma spectrum, require randomized multicenter studies in order to define novel and improved treatments.
The most common clinical manifestation of ameloblastoma is a swollen, occasionally painful, jaw. However, certain tumors grow rapidly and limit the opening of the mouth.
In addition, rapid tumor growth may perforate the cortical bone and extend into the soft tissue, causing pain and paresthesia. Akrish et al 18 retrospectively analyzed 37 patients with ameloblastic carcinoma, which were reported between and In these patients, the male: In the current study PubMed was used and 20 cases of ameloblastic carcinoma reported between and and staged according to the WHO classification were identified.
A total of 17 patients had primary tumors and three exhibited secondary tumors. By contrast, the majority of the patients treated at the West China Hospital of Stomatology were male and aged between 30 and 45 years. Ameloblastic carcinoma occurs in a wide range of age groups with no apparent gender predilection. The most commonly involved area is the mandible and the most common pathology is the primary type. All the secondary tumors presented in the present study and in the identified literature were of the intraosseous type.
The peripheral type of ameloblastic carcinoma, arising within a pre-existing benign peripheral ameloblastoma, was relatively rare. The optimal treatment for ameloblastic carcinoma remains unknown. In the present study, the cure rate of the primary tumors was higher than that observed in the literature vs. The incidence of lymph node metastases in the present study was less frequent than in the literature 0 vs.
Two patients with lung metastases were identified in the present study group primary type and the literature secondary type. Ameloblastic carcinoma exhibits the histological features and behavior of malignancy, and therefore, definitive surgical treatment is required Therefore, these results support the use of extended jaw resection to prevent local recurrence.
Yoon et al 14 reported a recurrence rate of Extended jaw resection involves a margin of resection of 2—3 cm, including the normal bone, periosteum and soft tissue. Naik and Kale 17 also reported that surgical stimulation and incomplete resection may induce the degeneration of early lesions, and explain the higher recurrence rate following partial resection, which was identified in patients with secondary ameloblastic carcinoma compared with primary.
At present, the use of cervical lymph node dissection with ameloblastic carcinoma is under review. Jeremic et al 12 proposed the use of parotid gland resection and regional lymph node dissection to achieve adequate margins.
Angiero et al 5 argued that since metastases is able to occur via the blood stream, cervical lymph node dissection should not be routinely performed. In the present study, patients with primary tumors and no prophylactic lymph node dissection exhibited higher cure rates. In addition, the cure rate of secondary tumors was higher compared with the cases in the literature.
However, due to the small number of patients, elective neck dissection is not recommended for this type of lesion. Yoon et al 14 also revealed that amrloblastic dissections should not be recommended for primary or secondary lesions without evidence of cervical lymph node involvement. The literature review identified four patients that were treated with radiotherapy and one, which was treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
All five patients had primary tumors. Chemotherapy has not been indicated as amelblastic primary treatment Patients with secondary tumors exhibit a higher rate of recurrence and metastasis and to date, chemotherapy has shown no favorable results for local control In addition, few chemotherapy reports are available and its role is yet to be confirmed Furthermore, the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to treat patients with secondary tumors requires further evaluation.
It ameloblashic generally acknowledged that ameloblastic carcinoma is considered to be a radioresistant tumor. However, pre- or postoperative radiotherapy may reduce the size of cacinoma carcinomas Radiotherapy alone is appropriate for patients who are not surgical candidates, or exhibit advanced local or metastatic disease.
Certain novel treatment methods have gradually been put forward.
Analysis and exposition of the causes and the possible remedies for the present state of restlessness prevailing in the world. Kalki, Or, The Future of Civilization. Front Cover. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Hind Kitabs Limited, – Civilization – 64 pages. Get this from a library! Kalki, or The future of civilization. [Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan].
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan — scholar and teacher par excellence, world renowned philosopher, and the former President of India. However, most of the younger generation might not know that Dr. Radhakrishnan is also one of the foremost writers of Indian English literature. His books and essays particularly focus ciivlization how Indian culture and philosophy can offer a solution to the many problems of the modern world. Today when most of the world is affected by conflict and decline in ethical values, when terror organizations like the ISIS have unleashed horrifying bloodshed across Europe, the Middle East and Asia, when mass shootings and black versus white conflicts plague the U.
As per Hindu Puranas or ancient scriptures, Kalki is the name of civilisation last avatar or incarnation of Civilizatjon Vishnu.
S. Radhakrishnan, Kalki, or the Future of Civilization – PhilPapers
Kalki, it is predicted, will rise in the Kali Yuga, the most sinful of all ages, the end of the world, and defeat the evil doers, destroy the old order and establish a new order. Radhakrishnan wrote the book decades ago, but it seems especially relevant to the present times when we face a crisis of values in every sphere. The ideas in this volume can act as a guiding force to us in these difficult times.
Radhakrishnan tells us that what we are facing today is a periodic crisis in human civilization. It is not something to be panicky about, for, it has been happening at regular intervals.
The chief reason for this current crisis is that science and technology has advanced far more rapidly than the human mind civillzation soul. The world has become uniform and united, too close together in the age of globalization, but we have grown far apart. Our modern inventions have reduced the impact of physical distances, but have not been able to bring together our hearts and minds. In the next part of his book, Radhakrishnan presents a stunningly accurate analysis of the current state of every major sphere of human life — Religion, Family Life, Civilizatioj, and International Relations.
It seems as if he is predicting all the issues and problems we are facing currently. The extreme selfishness of man has made religion ineffectual. On the one hand are those who wish to have all the comforts of religion by indulging in blind faith and avoiding all responsibilities and silencing their consciences. On the other hand are those intellectuals who duture given up on religion and consider religion to be a dead-end. For them there is no God, no escape, no vice or virtue, only the cold darkness of death.
It is only a minority who belongs to the third category, and considers religion as a kalku to improve the world. Today, we have bands of fanatics for whom terrorism in the name of religion is a great thing to do! As far as Family Life is concerned, Radhakrishnan says that the changing economic situations, lack of proper moral and sexual education and advances in science have transformed marriage from a holy sacrament to a mere trial contract.
On the one hand, it is good that women are refusing to be bound by moral codes oor are not followed by men. But, the lack of respect for the marriage bond, the refusal to adapt or to sacrifice, and huge egos have made couples grow apart.
Divorces abound and children suffer. Marriage is a burden for many, and this has led to the urge to seek sexual pleasure outside marriage. This is now glorified as self-expression.
Kalki Or The Future Of Civilization S. Radhakrishnan
Radhakrishnan observes that those who adopt this way of life are not as happy as they claim to be! Radhakrishnan turns to Economy.
In the modern world, he feels, all economy is heavily industrialized. Industrialization has resulted in lot of wealth for a few and had made our lives easier.
But it has also made life very dull and boring. In the age of mass production and monotonous routine jobs, we are reduced to machines; there is no scope for creativity and happiness in work.
Civilizaation all, our wants are increasing by the day and so is our work. We have no leisure, no time to enjoy the pleasures of nature or home, no time to civilizaion with and for ourselves and our dear ones, no concentration, no wisdom and no peace.
Politics is the next area of his focus. The author says that democracy is not a very ideal form of government because it is wrongly practiced. It is not the really capable men who become our rulers. Those who civilizatiion our rulers are ultimately slaves of the rich and the powerful.
Kalki, or the Future of Civilization
And economic inequality leads to civilizatuon inequality. Democracy is actually dictatorship. Our democracy civipization succeed until our people become really cultured and educated. But the situation is quite contrary: As far as International Relations are concerned, Radhakrishnan is very direct.
He says that no nation is genuine. They are all selfish and wish to dominate the world. The worst massacres are glorified in the name of nationalism. And once war breaks out, all civilization is lost and every nation becomes worse than a beast.
Here Radhakrishnan tries to identify the root cause of all the issues facing mankind today. The cigilization problem is that we have failed to see human beings as a union of body, mind and soul. Our civilization has reached only the first level of body. We are all still focusing on and trying to satisfy the animal instincts within ourselves. It is concerned more with the world and its civilizaion than with the soul and its perfection….
We have a long way to go; we need to move towards focusing on the mind and the soul. We are still a young civilization in this vast and timeless universe and we need to honestly identify and rectify our errors.
Here Radhakrishnan speaks of the solution to our modern day crisis. Coming to Religion, he says that, removing religion from human life will not solve the problem. We need to realize that science and religion are not enemies. APJ Abdul Kalam, Radhakrishnan feels that science can in fact make us more aware of the power of God or the cosmic energy pervading the universe.
It is also important to accept all the various ways in which people have been seeking God over the ages. This will stop wars in the name of religion. Religion teaches that suffering and sacrifice are not a curse; they are a challenge, a means to get more and truer joy out of life. Such an attitude will increase our faith in spirituality and grant peace to the globe.
In Marriage, the final goal should be spiritual bliss and satisfaction. All other joys of marriage should be stepping stones towards this goal.
Men and women should have a mature approach, the same moral codes, and devote more time and space to each other in marriage. Children are a joy and a blessing, and must be brought up with utmost parental care. Marriage calls for responsibility and must never be approached lightly. In Economics, it must be realized that wealth is not all. After the satisfaction of our genuine basic needs, we must devote time to leisure, to enjoy our work and our lives. In Politics, democracy to be successful must have minimum governance.
We need to focus on removing economic disparity and on producing intelligent voters and honest leaders. Finally, in International Relations, Dr. Radhakrishnan calls for an end to narrow-minded nationalism and the feeling that only my nation is the best. A genuine affection and regard for all of humanity is essential. Under no circumstances should war or bloodshed be supported.
Looking at the world as one family is the only way to survival. It is up to the youth of India to re-discover the magic of Dr. Bythe average age of India will be 29 and we will have the largest youth population in the world. Let us remember the words of Dr. Radhakrishnan, who had great faith in and great affection for the young people of our great nation: The soul of all improvement, it has been rightly said, is the improvement of the soul….
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